Coal and Iron and the Unification of Germany in 1871 Essay -- Blood an

Coal and Iron and the Unification of Germany in 1871 In 1862, Bismarck said that ‘the great questions of the day will be settled by blood and iron.’ Although there is undoubtedly some degree of accuracy in this statement, the most important reason for the unification of Germany, which ended ‘the great questions of the day,’ was ‘coal and iron.’ This is a quote from British economist John Maynard Keynes, who argued that the industrial and economic preparation before the wars, which united Germany, were more important. This is because the economic strength created by the rapid industrialisation enabled the creation of a powerful Prussia. It was under this powerful Prussia, with some skilful diplomacy and opportunism, that Germany was successfully united in the wars of German Unification. Without such economic development and prosperity, it is questionable whether Germany would have been united by 1871. The main reason for the unification of Germany by 1871 was ‘coal and iron.’ This includes important factors such as the presence of raw materials in Prussia, the development of the railways and the Zollverein in Germany, and the industrialisation, which took place in Prussia, particularly in the 1850s. This economic strength, stems back to the Congress of Vienna, where Prussia was given mineral rich land. It gave Prussia the coal and iron producing areas of the Rhineland, and the mineral rich Ruhr and Saar. The availability of such natural resources created an economic take off in Prussia in the 1850s. As a result, Germany became Europe’s largest producer of key industrial commodities, such as coal and iron. New mines and iron works w... ...d, stable financial environment. This enabled a strong and successful Prussia to emerge. Prussia was then able to progress to unite Germany. This was because the strong economy permitted the establishment of a strong military force. This strong military force was then able to go forward and unite Germany by ‘blood and iron.’ This process was undoubtedly assisted by the skilful negotiation and opportunism of Bismarck. The longer-term factors – the economic and industrial factors – enabled the shorter-term reasons for unification to occur. Without a strong financial backdrop, Prussia would not have had such a powerful and efficient army, which was clearly important in the unification of Germany. It was ‘iron and coal’ that enabled the new German Reich to be proclaimed in the Hall of Mirrors, Versailles on 18th June 1871.

Consider how Shakespeare presents madness Essay

Consider how Shakespeare presents madness in the play and explain whether you think it does illustrate how, â€Å"something is rotten in the state of Denmark. † One of the main themes in Hamlet is that of madness. Shakespeare conveys madness through not only Hamlet but through other characters as well, such as Ophelia, to covey that that the state of Denmark is rotten. At the beginning of the play, the first thing introduced are the night watchmen seeing the ghost. This is at the beginning because it is the first event in the chain that eventually leads to Hamlet seeking revenge for his father’s death. Although he was upset by his father’s death and his mother’s ‘o’erhasty marriage’, it was the revelation that his father was murdered that he thinks that he must take revenge. When Horatio first speaks to the ghost he recognises that it is unnatural for it to be there; â€Å"What art thou that unsurp’st this time of night†, illustrating that he feels that the ghost has ‘wrongfully seized’ the night. The atmosphere is unsettling and the ghost’s unnatural appearance is a sign of the bad things going on in Denmark, especially the court; â€Å"This bodes some strange eruption to our state. † During the times that the play was written, unusual things that happened were seen as a sign that something was not right in the courts; â€Å"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark†. This could be referring either to the whole of Denmark, or just the courts. It is after Hamlet sees the ghost that he decides that he will pretend to be mad; â€Å"put an antic disposition on†, but he does not want his friends to tell anyone what they have seen or that he is feigning madness; â€Å"Never make known what you have seen tonight†, as he believes that this way he can find means to exact his revenge on Claudius for killing his father; â€Å"And thy commandment all alone shall live within the book and volume of my brain†, meaning that all he shall have in his thoughts is how the ghost of his father told him to exact revenge on Claudius. This is the first step in the theme of madness for the play. Although Hamlet clearly says that he will be putting on his madness, it is uncertain whether actually he does go mad during the play, as illustrated in his outbursts towards his mother and Ophelia, and the murder of Polonius. There is much deception during the play, such as Claudius trying to gloss over the fact that he knows that his marriage to Gertrude could be seen as incest by the Church and that Hamlet should have been the rightful heir to the throne; â€Å"Yet so far hath discretion fought with nature that we with wisest sorrow think on him together with remembrance of ourselves. † He says that he is mourning and feels that mourning is appropriate for the old king, but he must think of himself, perhaps hinting at the fact that the death was convenient for him and he has had enough of mourning. This is characteristic of him throughout the play as all he has done and will do is for his own self interest, as when Hamlet asks if he can leave the castle, Claudius refuses, saying; â€Å"And we beseech you, bend you to remain here in the cheer and comfort of our eye†. He appears to be asking him to stay for his comfort, but he actually wants to keep an eye on him because he knows that he is still a threat to him and the throne. He at first seemed to want Hamlet to become like a son to him, but that changes as soon as he realises he could be a threat to him. He also continually uses the words ‘we’, ‘our’ and ‘us’ to establish himself as the husband of Gertrude and the King of Denmark. Polonius comments; â€Å"with pious action we do sugar o’er the devil himself†. To which Claudius replies as an aside; â€Å"The harlot’s cheek, beautied with plastering art, is not more ugly to the thing that helps it than is my deed to my most painted word. † Claudius admits that he is covering up the truth, continuing the theme of deception, adding to the audience’s awareness of the rottenness of Denmark. As there becomes more deception and secrecy throughout the play, it seems that the imagery in the language reflects the deception, and images of disease are used; â€Å"For the sun breed maggots in a dead dog, being a good kissing carrion†. This could be language to refer to how that state of Denmark is rotting, but also Hamlet’s language seems to reflect his turmoil as he tried to decide what to do about Claudius, and as he gets more frustrated with himself he becomes more abusive towards his mother and Ophelia; â€Å"You are keen my lord, you are keen. † â€Å"It would cost you a groaning to take off mine edge. † He is taunting Ophelia using double meaning. Hamlet is very good at creating double meanings, like when he says to Claudius; â€Å"I am to much i’th’sun†, which he says as if he is in too much sunshine but also he is saying that he feels too much like Claudius’s son. Later in the play the text says; â€Å"It will but skin and film the ulcerous place, whiles rank corruption, mining all within, infects unseen. † He is saying that corruption, like infection starts within, and the corruption of Denmark will begin with the court. This also links in with madness because madness also starts from within – within the mind, and perhaps it is saying that just one unstable mind could bring down all the state. Another way that Shakespeare presents madness in the play is through Ophelia. She goes mad after Hamlet kills her father, but also because of the way Hamlet treated her – cruelly. He said to her that he loved her, and there were some hints that he had been intimate with her, but he treats her badly and even tells her that he does not love her. She has been a victim of a corrupt society – from Hamlet leaving her and from her father, such as using her as a pawn to spy on Hamlet. After she has become mad, she sings many songs. The first one that she sings is, ‘How should I you true love know’. This song could be her recalling the death of her father; â€Å"He is dead and gone lady, he is dead and gone. † This is the first thing that comes into her mind to sing about, so it must be the thing that is foremost in her mind. It could also be that she is recalling how Hamlet is now lost to her, and she is still looking for her true love, because it seems obvious that she has not found him yet. However, the rest of the songs seem to be about Hamlet, as they are about lost love and some of them imply that Ophelia had been sexually intimate with Hamlet; â€Å"Quoth she, before you tumbled me you promised me to wed†. It seems that both her father and Hamlet are responsible for Ophelia’s madness, and this is reiterated by what Ophelia sings about. Ophelia was controlled all the men in her life, and this was customary for the time, but it seems that they took too much of a hold on her, with none of them considering her feelings, for her father told her to no longer speak to Hamlet as it could affect his career, Laertes also told her to stay away from Hamlet and Hamlet was cruel to her. She also says, after her first song; â€Å"They say the owl was a baker’s daughter. † This could just be nonsense, but it could also be referring to her father, saying that once she was the daughter of a man in the court, but now she is just the daughter of a dead old man. Polonius did help the corruption in Denmark, such as spying and trying to make sure his own career was safe, and because of him Ophelia is mad. Hamlet also said that he loved Ophelia, and whereas before he was tender, due to the corruption around him and his succumbing to it, he was a factor in Ophelia’s madness, which eventually led to her suicide. By the actions of people around her, Ophelia is tainted by the corruptness around, as Hamlet says in the beginning of the play says that she is pure, but later on says she is wanton like all women, and tells her; â€Å"to a nunnery go. † This could be to send her to be protected, or it could be a sarcastic remark telling her to go to a brothel. One of the other reasons that cause Hamlet’s torment is his indecisiveness. He says during one of his soliloquies: â€Å"O what a rogue and peasant slave am I! † He is berating himself for not taking action when his father has been murdered, while the player can make himself cry for a fictitious character. He could also be saying that he is not worth anything in the court now, as his father is dead, yet he is not king when he should be. When Claudius is attempting to pray in the Church, Hamlet says that he did not want to kill him until he was sure that he would be sent straight to hell with no hope of being sent to heaven, for example if he was laying in ‘incestuous sheets’. However, this could have been just another excuse at putting the task off, for he seemed to offer no resistance when Claudius sent him to England. This may not have been his fault, as Claudius shows himself throughout the play as being a very manipulative person. He has taken the throne and Gertrude. He has Polonius spying for him, and he also gets Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, who are Hamlet’s friends from school to spy on him and eventually gives a letter to the English King requesting that he murder Hamlet. Perhaps Hamlet is even jealous that Claudius, who he hates, can take such action when he himself cannot. It seems that Claudius is the main source of corruption in the play, and also he is the reason that Hamlet decides to pretend to be mad, for it was Claudius that started off the chain of events, with killing Hamlet’s father. It was he that murdered Hamlet the king, corrupted Gertrude, encouraged Polonius to spy and eventually murdered which in turn caused Ophelia’s madness and Laertes’s downfall. He is described by Hamlet as a; â€Å"Smiling damni d villain†, picturing Claudius as full of deception where he is hiding his evil deeds. This has had an effect on the whole court, and indeed the whole of Denmark, for the text says; â€Å"This heavy-headed revel east and west makes us traduced and taxed of other nations. They clepe us drunkards, and with swinish phrase soil our addition. † The Danish are said to be drunks, and later Claudius himself describes them as ‘false Danish dogs’, for he believes that they are still only loyal to Hamlet. Hamlet acknowledges all of this corruption, even in the beginning of the play when he says; â€Å"’tis an unweeded garden that grows to seed. Things rank and gross in nature possess it merely. † Hamlet sees at the very beginning that things are starting to turn bad, and he can feel, like the attendants at the beginning, that something is not right. Hamlet feels surrounded by madness around him, and he feels that the only way he can make sense of all this and to find means for his revenge is to put on an â€Å"antic disposition† and pretend to be mad. This seems to be a reflection of the state around him – that something is not right, however towards the end of the play it is unsure whether he has actually gone mad, being affected by his surroundings, for his actions do change dramatically, and although he does not act in the way Ophelia does when she is mad, he is a changed person. All of the other main characters are corrupted, and Hamlet despises this. One of the reasons that he puts off killing Claudius could be that it goes against what he knows is right. He wished that he would have the strength to avenge his father; â€Å"Now could I drink hot blood and do such bitter business as the day would quake to look on. † He was born a thinker, but he asks that; â€Å"My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth! † He wishes that he were able to have passion like the player and act like Fortinbras. Eventually this does happen, as Ophelia comments on; â€Å"O, what a noble mind is here overthrown! The courtier’s, soldier’s, scholar’s eye, tongue, sword, th’expectancy and rose of the fair state, the glass of fashion and the mould of form, th’observed of all observers. † Ophelia sees how has changed, and believes that he truly has gone mad, for he has changed into what he hated most. He kills Polonius, with no real regret, disregards Ophelia’s feelings and his mother’s, sends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths without regret and does in the end kill Laertes and Claudius. However, there still is some of the old Hamlet left in him, for after Ophelia has died he says that he always did love her, so perhaps he shunned her so that he would have a clear mind to be able to think about his revenge. Also he apologised to Laertes before they fight, perhaps seeing something of himself in him, for his father was murdered as was Hamlet’s. This shows that Hamlet has not yet completely given way to the corruption of Denmark. Just before Hamlet dies, he claims that the throne should be given to Fortinbras. Hamlet admired Fortinbras for his action, and he was quite like Hamlet, his father being killed and he being usurped from the throne. Fortinbras accepts the throne and orders that Hamlet’s body be treated with respect; â€Å"Let four captains, bear Hamlet like a soldier to the stage, for he was likely, had he been put on, to have proved most royal†. Fortinbras believes that Hamlet would have been a good king, and perhaps he might have had he have not been corrupted by the state of Denmark. Fortinbras survived, seemingly because he came from outside Denmark, and as did Horatio, not only because he was a good friend to Hamlet, but as Hamlet said; â€Å"There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy. † Hamlet believed that Horatio was unable to see the corruption that infected Denmark, and because of this he was untainted by it, this perhaps being a reason why Horatio does not die in the play. Bibliography Cambridge School Shakespeare – Hamlet by William Shakespeare, edited by Richard Andrews and Rex Gibson. Longman 1988, critical essays, Hamlet – The State of Denmark by Alan Gardiner, editors – Linda Cookson and Bryan Loughrey.

Financial Accounting Information And Management Accounting

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Management accounting systems focus on both the present and the future performance of a business entity. The role of management accounting â€Å"involves partnering in management decision-making, devising planning and performance management systems †¦ to assist [the needs of managers] in the formulation and implementation of an organisation’s strategy.† (IMA, 2014) Stakeholders are any individuals, groups or organisations with a degree of vested interest in a business. The ‘other users’ (excluding managers) of financial accounts are stakeholders both external and internal to the business entity. These stakeholders include lenders, investors, government agencies and many more. Lenders would be interested in information such cash flow statements to determine whether their loans and interest due will be paid on time. Investors would analyse the performance and value of a business entity to decide whether to hold, buy or sell the business entity’s shares. 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The Chain Of Success Is A Symbol Of The Oppression Within...

The Chain of Success The Child in The People that Walked Away from Omelas is a symbol of the oppression within our own society. Through the child we’re able to reflect on the extreme effects of oppression and how it leaves a mark on society as a whole. We live in a world where success is built by a foundation based on Oppression. Success is like a chain in which the people on the base suffer to balance those on top. This idea is reinforced in the story when the child is oppressed to protect the balance in Omelas. People are oppressed based on things they can’t control such as race or class. The general theme of the story explores our own humanity and how we justify such cruelty to ourselves. In The People that Walked away from Omelas, the prosperity of the whole society depends on the oppression of that one child. This reminded me of the real world, where oppression of African countries has greatly altered political power and world economics. 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The Effects of Exercise on Health Essay - 1821 Words

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(2007) focused on exercise being effective in reducing self-reported depressiveRead MoreThe Effects Of Regular Exercise On Our Health And Longevity2272 Words   |  10 Pageshear—that the majority of us are unhealthy and overweight—then a fair, mostly logical conclusion may be drawn about the recommendations our doctors make when they see us: eat better, and get more exercise. Lifestyle changes, more so than any medical intervention or medication, can have the greatest impacts on our health and longevity and, although initially they can be difficult to instill, once they are ingrained, they become routine and sharpened over time. Nevertheless, tremendous satisfaction is reapedRead MorePsychological Effects Of Exercise On The Body s Overall Health1736 Words   |  7 PagesPsychological Effects of Exercise It is a well-kenned fact that exercise is very propitious to the body’s overall health. Exercise has been shown to enhance the circulation of blood throughout the body, relinquish solicitousness, boost self-esteem, and ultimately is utilized as a treatment for noetic illnesses. This paper perpetuates to expand fortifying major health benefits of conventional physical activity and exercise. However, there is withal a growing body of erudition that substantiatesRead MoreEffects of Vigorous and Moderate Exercise on Health-Related Outcomes10786 Words   |  43 Pagesï » ¿Effects of vigorous and moderate exercise on health-related outcomes Introduction In many developed countries, physical inactivity is becoming a public health problem as a result of fewer numbers of people embracing physical activity(Wardle and Steptoe, 2003). Population-based studies that have been conducted in USA and other developed countries in Europe suggest that the education level of individuals directly affects their physical activity (Trost et al., 2002). Thus those with lower levels

Membrane Physiology Essay Example For Students

Membrane Physiology Essay IntroductionThe cell membrane is a fluid structure that is made up of phospholipids and proteins. Its main function is to allow osmosis and diffusion to occur in a cell. It protects a cell from taking in molecules that are too large and other chemicals that are not permeable without energy being used. The cell membrane is considered to be selectively permeable because it does not allow the non-fat soluble chemicals and the larger molecules in, but it does allow fat soluble chemicals and small molecules to pass into the cell.In order for the larger molecules and non-fat chemicals to enter the cell protein channels and energy are needed. In this lab you will see the cell membrane working. The experiment will show the Osmosis of water and a sucrose solution. Osmosis is net movement of water molecules from a high to low concentration until equilibrium is reached. In other words, Osmosis is the diffusion of water. Through the diffusion of water Isotonic solutions may occur. This is where both sides of the membrane have an equal amount of water. There may also be a Hypertonic solution. That is where the membrane has more water and the concentration will move down a gradient causing the membrane to shrink. Another solution that may occur is a Hypotonic solution. This type of solution allows the water molecules to pass through the cell membrane into the solution causing the cell to increase in size. Diffusion of dye in agar and water will be studied in this lab. Diffusion is the movement of a concentration from a high gradient to a lower gradient until area is at same level. We will also study the permeability of the cell membrane when different solutions are used inside and outside of the cell. In this lab, we will observe the changes taking place during the diffusion of dye through agar gel and through water. We will determine what type of solution is formed when placing the mock cell membrane in different levels of solution. We will calculate the rate at which the d ye diffused and plot the findings in a chart to show the different rates each cell changed. HypothesisIn Part A of the lab the cell membrane of bags 2 through 4 will gain mass because of the use of sucrose solution in the cell. The water will move through the dialysis tubing to form equilibrium between the membrane and outer concentration. Bag 5 will be a Hypertonic solution, the water is at a high gradient and the solution surrounding the cell is at a low concentration gradient, causing the bag to shrink. Bag 1 will have an Isotonic solution. In Part B of the lab, the potassium permanganate will diffuse faster in water then in the agar gel.In Part C of the lab, the solutions in the bag and the solutions around the bag will be the same after the testing is done. Starch, chloride, protein, and sulfate ions will be found in both areas tested. Materials and MethodsSee the attached sheets for materials and methods used. ResultsPart A: In bag 1 the mass changed 1/10 of a gram. In bag 2 the mass changed 4.4 grams. In bag 3 the mass changed 6.3 grams. In bag 4 the mass changed 8.3 grams, and in bag 5 the mass changed to a negative 6.0 grams. Part B: The methylene blue diffused through the agar gel a total of 4.5 mm and the potassium permanganate diffused 10.5 mm. The potassium permanganate diffused through the water a total of 15 mm. Part C: The solutions in the bag contained starch, which caused the solution to turn black. Sulfate ions and proteins were not found. Chloride ions were found in the solution, the solution turned into an orange-milky color. The solutions in the beaker contained no starch. There were sulfate ions found, which caused the solution to have white particles floating in it. Chloride was found in the solution, the solution turned into a yellow color. The beaker also contained proteins, the color of the solution turned to a violet color. .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c , .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c .postImageUrl , .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c , .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c:hover , .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c:visited , .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c:active { border:0!important; } .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c:active , .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue862ed02ed2a1ecc354aedff12cde24c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gun Control Comparison EssayDiscussion and ConclusionThe findings for Part A backed up my hypothesis. Bags 2 through 4 did have a Hypotonic solution. The 5th

Media Personality Report Tyler Perry Essay Example

Media Personality Report: Tyler Perry Paper Tyler Perry: From Pain, to Perseverance, and Success â€Å"What is important to me about my movies is that the stories and messages are for anyone. Anyone who needs to learn about forgiveness will enjoy it no matter who they are. † -Tyler Perry Tyler Perry-born Emmitt Perry Jr. on September 13, 1969, has become an icon in his own right. Whether one agrees with his work or not, the fact that cannot be avoided is that he has made pivotal strides in the entertainment industry. He is the true definition of one who exudes perseverance. Perry has turned his past hurts and struggles into an ever-growing empire, with a strong fan base that follows suit. Perry’s work is mostly known for its drama/comedy mix. He knows how to create the perfect blend of making his audience laugh, however not failing to get the moral of the story across. Perry first hit the entertainment scene in 1992, with the production of his first play, â€Å"I know I’ve Been Changed. He then went on to produce countless other plays such as â€Å"I Can Do bad All By Myself†, the play which first introduced his infamous signature character, â€Å"Madea. † With much success with his play, producers soon took notice of Perry’s talents, and he was initially collaborated with evangelist T. D. Jakes to make a film adaptation of his book â€Å"Woman Thou Art Loosed. † He gained much praise for his film â€Å"Diary of a Mad Black Woman†. He delved into the small screen on June 2006 with the premier of his sitcom, â€Å"Tyler Perry’s House of Payne†. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Personality Report: Tyler Perry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Media Personality Report: Tyler Perry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Media Personality Report: Tyler Perry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Tyler Perry’s House of Payne† drew an average of 5. 5 million viewers, a record for an advertiser cable-supported original sitcom premiere (Nasson). Perry’s story is unique in a sense that he came from absolutely nothing, to anything that he could have possibly imagined. His personal background speaks volumes and opens his audience to a better understanding as to why he approaches his play and filmmaking the way that he does. Perry talks openly about the abusive relationship with his father. He once tried to commit suicide, and by age 16, he had changed his name to â€Å"Tyler† in order to separate himself from his father (Manheim). Perry went on to working odd-jobs, saving up enough money to produce his own play. Perry’s first play â€Å"I Know I’ve Been Changed. † initially flopped with the audiences bringing in a total of only 30 attendees and ran for one weekend. After homelessness and poverty, Perry was able to refurbish his work, and it drew in a larger audience which ultimately catapulted him into success. Perry is known for wanting complete control over all of his work, as he feels that he has put in the blood, sweat, and tears to do so. Tyler Perry’s work does not come without criticism. Notable director/actor Spike Lee has referred to Perry’s work as â€Å"coonery† and â€Å"buffoonery†, stating that he has taken the Black race back to the â€Å"chitlin circuits†; Perry’s rebuttal is that â€Å" It’s attitudes like that make Hollywood think that these people do not exist and that’s why there’s no material speaking to them† (Tedesco). Today, Tyler Perry is still going as strong as ever. In 2008, he opened his 200,000 square foot studios based in Atlanta which consists of 5 sound stages, a post production facility, a pond, a back lot, a 400 seat theater and private screening room and designated areas for entertaining and holding events (tylerperry. com). He is currently working on his latest film â€Å"For Colored Girls Who have Considered Suicide when the Rainbow is Enuf† with many more in development (imdb. com) I truly admire Tyler Perry’s story. He gets my utmost respect in regards to the trials he has overcome, his drive, and just being a wonderful spirit overall. I have not seen any of his plays, but have watched many of his movies and was well entertained. Although I do feel conflicted because I can see how some critics may say that he work is a stereotype, and that he has â€Å"sold-out†. Many African-Americans do feel that in someway Perry’s work embraces a typecast that we have tried hard to move away from. I think what makes Tyler Perry smart is that he is going with what works. He would not have obtained the success that he has if he were not appealing to the masses. I do consider some of his comedies a little off the wall and far-fetched. But I also feel that way about some of Jim Carrey’s work. It is all away across the board for me. Perry’s purpose is to entertain and at the same time bring issues to light that may in turn help his audience. Overall, I just take his work for what it is: entertainment. It is his perseverance that I respect the most. And for that, he deserves all of the success and happiness that his heart desires. Works Cited *Nasson, Tim. â€Å"Tyler Perry Biography. † http://www. wildaboutmovies. com . March 21, 2008. *Manheim, James M. Tyler Perry Biography Inspired by Oprah, Perseverance Paid Off, Concentrated on Madea Character. a href=http://biography. jrank. org/pages/2872/Perry-Tyler. htmlTyler Perry Biography Inspired by Oprah, Perseverance Paid Off, Concentrated on Madea Character/a . * Tedesco, Kevin. SPIKE LEES CRITICISM OF TYLER PERRYS WORK AS COONERY AND BUFFOONERY SPEAKS TO A PROBLEM IN HOLLYWOOD PERRY TELLS 60 MINUTES†. http://www. cbspressexpress. com. Oc tober 22, 2009. * Biography, Tyler Perry, www. tylerperry. com * http://www. imdb. com